Title
Chapter 14 - β-Carbonic Anhydrases: General Features and Medical Implications
Editor
Claudiu Supuran, Giuseppina De Simone
Document Type
Book Chapter
Publication Date
2015
Published In
Carbonic Anhydrases as Biocatalysts
Pages
247-273
DOI
10.1016/B978-0-444-63258-6.00014-7Get
Recommended Citation
Suhanovsky, M. M.; Sheppard, K.; Rowlett, R. S., β-Carbonic anhydrases: general features and medical implications. Carbonic Anhydrases Biocatal. 2015, 247-273.
Abstract
The β-carbonic anhydrases are a structurally unique class of carbonic anhydrases that is found in a diverse array of microorganisms, algae, plants, and invertebrates. These enzymes are likely associated with other enzymes that consume or produce carbon dioxide (CO2) or bicarbonate (HCO3−), and catalyze the interconversion of these species according to the chemical reaction CO2 + H2O ⇆ HCO3− + H+. Evolutionary offshoots of β-carbonic anhydrases hydrolyze the related substances carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2). In many microorganisms, β-carbonic anhydrases are essential for normal growth. Some β-carbonic anhydrases exhibit allostery, a property not observed in any other class of carbonic anhydrases. As a group, β-carbonic anhydrases are relatively weakly inhibited by sulfonamides and anions, classical inhibitors of most other carbonic anhydrases.
Keywords
Carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, allostery, inhibition, enzyme, mechanism, metalloenzyme